Shariatpur

Bangladesh is divided into 64 districts. While most of these districts existed before the country's independence, some were formed afterward for administrative purposes, often by dividing larger districts. Each district is unique in terms of geography, history, and culture, contributing significantly to Bangladesh's diversity and richness. Shariatpur is one such fascinating district.

This district is the birthplace of several notable personalities, including renowned lyricist Atul Prasad Sen, novelist Abu Ishak, singer Geeta Dutt, and footballer Gostho Pal. Shariatpur's vibrant festivals, like the Pohela Boishakh fair at Digambari, draw thousands of visitors annually. The district is also famous for its black cumin honey, cherished throughout Bangladesh.

Shariatpur is situated in the southern part of the country, bordered by Munshiganj to the north, Barishal to the south, Chandpur to the east, and Madaripur to the west. It is primarily located on the banks of the Kirtinasha River and is also traversed by other rivers such as Padma, Meghna, Palong, Joyonti, Dharmaganj, Arial Khan, and Damudya. The district has a fertile landscape shaped by the Padma River's floodplains, making its soil ideal for agriculture.

In terms of size, Shariatpur ranks 52nd among Bangladesh’s districts, covering an area of 1,182 square kilometers. According to the 2011 census, its population stands at 1.2 million, with a literacy rate of 55.19%.

The district's name is believed to have been inspired by Haji Shariatullah, a prominent leader of the anti-British Faraizi movement. Before gaining its district status in 1984, Shariatpur was part of Bikrampur, and earlier, in 1869, it was included in Bakerganj district. In 1976, a decision was made to establish a separate sub-division, and the region was named Shariatpur in honor of Haji Shariatullah.

A Historical Tapestry

Shariatpur's history dates back centuries. The region is mentioned as an island on the Ganga in the ancient Indian epic Raghuvamsa by poet Kalidasa. Archaeological findings suggest that the district was under Gupta rule, with evidence of governance by rulers such as Dharmaditya. Historical artifacts reveal that the area, once known as Idilpur, was part of the Chandradwip kingdom and later governed by Buddhist rulers in the 11th and 12th centuries.

During the 13th century, Shariatpur came under the control of King Dasarathadeva, the last Hindu ruler of southeastern Bengal. Later, it became part of the Mughal Empire. The Baro-Bhuiyans, led by leaders like Chand Rai and Kedar Rai, fiercely resisted Mughal advances in the region.

Culture and Language

The dialect spoken in Shariatpur shares similarities with Bikrampur’s language. However, linguistic variations exist within the district, such as between Damudya and Jazira. Additionally, the language of Gosairhat bears a resemblance to that of Barishal.

The majority of Shariatpur’s population practices Islam, with Muslims comprising 96.41%, followed by Hindus at 3.58%.

Administrative Divisions

Shariatpur consists of six sub-districts (upazilas): Shariatpur Sadar, Damudya, Naria, Jazira, Bhedarganj, and Gosairhat. These are further divided into 65 unions.

Agriculture and Economy

The district’s fertile soil supports the cultivation of spices like black cumin, coriander, and mustard, as well as coconuts, betel nuts, dates, and palms. Shariatpur’s black cumin honey is particularly renowned for its high quality.

Places of Interest

Shariatpur is home to numerous historical and cultural landmarks.

• Fatejangpur Fort: A historically significant site where Raja Mansingh sought refuge after a defeat by Kedar Rai.
• Digambari Dighi: A large pond considered sacred by Hindus, believed to cleanse sins and cure illnesses.
• Burir Hat Mosque: A remarkable example of Islamic architecture built with imported materials from England.
• Rudrakar Math: A heritage site built in 1898 by Zamindar Guru Charan Chakraborty in memory of his mother.
• Dhannuka's Manasa Temple: Dedicated to Goddess Manasa, this temple attracts devotees from various regions.

Shariatpur’s rich history, cultural diversity, and natural beauty make it an integral part of Bangladesh’s heritage. Its unique blend of traditions and landscapes continues to captivate visitors and scholars alike.